Use of Generative AI Statement

Authors are required to disclose the use of Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies during the preparation of their manuscripts at the time of submission.

Generative AI technologies offer significant benefits for research and scholarly communication. However, their use must be transparent, responsible, and always subject to human oversight. AI tools may assist authors in preparing manuscripts but must not replace human intellectual contribution, critical thinking, scientific judgment, interpretation, or accountability.

Authors remain fully responsible for the content of their manuscripts and any material generated with the assistance of AI technologies. This responsibility includes:

• Reviewing, verifying, and evaluating all AI-generated content to ensure its quality, completeness, accuracy, and objectivity.
• Checking all sources and references generated by AI, as such references may contain inaccuracies, fabrications, or unverifiable information.
• Revising and editing AI-generated outputs to ensure that the manuscript represents the authors’ own original scholarly contribution, analysis, interpretation, insights, and conclusions.
• Ensuring the originality, accuracy, and lawful use of AI-generated images, illustrations, or other visual materials, and providing appropriate attribution where required.
• Informing readers transparently about the use of AI technologies in the preparation of the manuscript.
• Ensuring that the use of AI tools complies with applicable requirements relating to data privacy, intellectual property rights, copyright, and other legal or ethical obligations.

AI tools and AI-assisted technologies must not be listed as authors or co-authors of a manuscript, as authorship carries responsibilities and accountability that can only be fulfilled by human beings.

AI Disclosure Statement

Authors who use AI technologies during manuscript preparation must include a disclosure statement in a separate section placed immediately before the reference list at the time of initial submission.

Section title:
Declaration of Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies Used in the Preparation of the Manuscript

Example statement:

The author(s) used [NAME OF AI TOOL/SERVICE] for [PURPOSE OF USE] during the preparation of this manuscript. All AI-generated outputs were reviewed, verified, and revised by the author(s). The author(s) assume full responsibility for the content of the published article.

This disclosure is not required for basic tools used solely for grammar checking, spelling correction, reference management, or similar editorial functions. Authors are also not required to disclose AI-based accessibility technologies used exclusively to support persons with disabilities.

If no AI technologies were used in the preparation of the manuscript, no disclosure statement is required.

Guidance for Editors and Reviewers

To protect authors’ rights, research confidentiality, and the integrity of the peer-review process, editors and reviewers must not upload unpublished manuscripts to publicly accessible generative AI systems.

Editors and reviewers may use AI technologies in a limited supportive capacity, such as improving the language and structure of review reports or editorial decision letters, or conducting background literature searches. Any such use must preserve manuscript confidentiality and comply with recognized standards of publication ethics.